Monday, December 30, 2019
The Need for the Social Networking Protection Act Essay
Introduction The rapidly increasing growth of social media has surpassed legislation that is currently in place. Any information that individuals display onto their social networking sites such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and so on, is being used by numerous employers around the world in order to gain additional knowledge of employees and applicants. When there are no laws that are set in place to ban such behavior, it becomes a conventional occurrence amongst employers. Social media websites have developed into a widespread communication instrument for personal and professional affairs. Therefore, employers will naturally want to gain access to these websites, especially the websites of their employees and potential employees toâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This Act addresses the current problem head on by seeking to outlaw current and potential employers from requesting login information to personal social media websites. Not only does the Act deal with employers but also schools and unive rsities. The employers in each of these sectors will not be able to demand any login information to punish, discriminate or refuse employment, and the employees will not be punished for declining to hand over the information. Additionally, this bill will protect the personal privacy of employees, potential job applicants, current students and potential students. Statement of the Problem This proposed legislation is intended to stop a rising trend of employers and schools seeking social media passwords from their students, employees and prospective students and employees. Too many schools and employers feel the need to know every detail, private or public, about the people they want in their agencies. Everyone in this world, who has a job, wants to get a job, goes to school, or wants to get into a school is affected by this problem. Employers want to gather masses of information about their employees and potential employees they want to hire in order to make sure they are hiring respectable people. Schools want to gather information from students and potential students for the same reason. However, schools are now being pressured to gather information on their studentsââ¬â¢ social media sitesShow MoreRelatedPrivacy Issues in Social Media Essay1278 Words à |à 6 Pages Privacy Issues in Social Media Social Media is a current way in which people are using to interact with one another daily. Since the launch of various Social Networking Sites (SNS) its been a huge attraction in a new way to share information with others and correspond with interests of your choice in many different forms. Although social media sites allow users to share information with friends and other sites on the internet, many people are unaware of how their privacy is getting out. Now thatRead MoreBis 220 Introduction to Computer Applications and Systems /Complete Class1089 Words à |à 5 PagesTechnology Acts Paper Select two of the following acts to research: â⬠¢ Do Not Call Implementation Act, 2003 â⬠¢ Controlling the Assault of Non-solicited Pornography and Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act, 2003 â⬠¢ Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), 2002 â⬠¢ Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (US Patriot Act), 2001, renewed 2006 â⬠¢ Childrenââ¬â¢s Internet Protection Act, 2000 â⬠¢ Financial Services Modernization Act, 1999 Read MoreUnderstand Legislation, Policies and Procedures for Confidentiality and Sharing Information Including Data Protection1075 Words à |à 5 Pagesincluding data protection. ï ¿ ¼ Why it is important to reassure children, young people and adults about confidentiality and why it may need to be breached. For the home country England there are many policies and procedures within the legislation that relate to safeguarding human rights, data protection and confidentiality. These have been refined into every school policy and procedures such as the human rights act 1998/2004, children act 1989/2004Read MorePrivacy on Internet Essay1587 Words à |à 7 Pagesbecome a thing of the past. People have come to accept that strangers can view personal information about them on social networks such as facebook, and companies and the government are constantly viewing peoplesââ¬â¢ activity online for a variety of reasons. The government has attempted to help the consumer regain their privacy online by passing the Consumer Internet Privacy Protection Act of 1997, although it is difficult to enforce and has become outdated with the fast-moving tendency of the constantlyRead MoreViolation Of Personal Data On Social Networks991 Words à |à 4 PagesViolation of Personal Data on Social Networks Research question: What measures are in place to protect against personal data theft in social networks? Thesis Statement: The rise of social networking sites has considerable increased the volume of personal data being collected or sold online by some organizations without any consent by the owners, therefore, there are many practices that should be performed by either users or organizations in order to protect the violation. I. The causes of personalRead MoreBSTRACT Social Networking sites are playing an important role in personal life as well as1300 Words à |à 6 PagesBSTRACT Social Networking sites are playing an important role in personal life as well as business. A social networking site has become very popular for people to connect and share their interest with family and friends. Although the use of social networks is increasingly on the rise, many users are properly informed of the risks associated with using social networks. The risks as well as the security and privacy issues of social networks in business and public policy need to be evaluated and studiedRead MoreViolations Of Personal Data On Social Networks1456 Words à |à 6 PagesViolations of Personal Data on Social Networks The Causes of Personal Data Stolen on Social Networks Social network sites contain specifically precious information. This data inevitably relates personal information of its users, which shows particular details of their life. According to Obole, Cruz, Welsh (2015), using social networking sites have resulted in concerning issues relating to privacy, for instance, manipulate voters, track users or disclose userââ¬â¢s location. Indeed, business sectorRead MoreThe Private Sector Public Sector Cybersecurity Issues Essay952 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe big-data collection of information about consumers to determine customerââ¬â¢s habits and personal information. This will be explored through an analysis of Facebook and social networking. With this collection of information, the issue of who owns, use, and access the information has arisen. Also the issue of privacy, and protection come into the light, and how has the government/lawmakers protected those effected. Goals of the Business Facebook which was found by Mark Zuckerberg in Cambridge, MaineRead MoreA Brief Look at Cloud Computing882 Words à |à 3 Pagescomputers and devices through the Internet. cloud computing structure allows access to information as long as an electronic device has access to the web. Cloud computing system allows employees to work remotely. Examples of cloud computing include social networking websites and facebook. INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING: Everyone has a opinion on what is cloud computing. Cloud computing is the ability to rent a server or a thousand servers and and run a geophysical modeling application on the most powerfulRead MoreSocial Networing Sites: Befriending Identity Theft1126 Words à |à 5 PagesSocial networking sites are increasingly becoming one of the internet most utilized activities. However, how often does one think that their Facebook site is hazardous to their identity. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, an estimated 11.7 million Americans were victims of identity theft in 2010 (U.S. Dept. of Justice). Identity theft is defined as a crime where someone illegally acquires and utilizes another personââ¬â¢s vital information to deceive for personal gain. That same year, the Federal
Sunday, December 22, 2019
The World Of The Epic - 2222 Words
The world of the epic seems to be in a setting where the wilds are essentially everywhere and around people; mostly uninhabited and quiet. Gods are more distant and lenient towards humans in the epic on most occasions, but they are more wrathful in their fury. However, they are rather fickle in their judgment; some want to save the humans or some want to wipe them out, they cannot pick so easily. In a lot of cases, the gods favor humans for their effort and at other times, they would be envious of the humanââ¬â¢s accomplishments (Sandars). Monsters are less common and more often mistaken for demigods or minor gods. Gilgamesh and Enkidu are demigods made from several gods unlike later Greek heroes, who hail from a single god. In the beginning, Gilgamesh represents humanity at its finest; beautiful, intelligent, and determined to reach beyond the boundaries of civilization. Jealous of his human status and godlike attributes, another group of gods conjured Gilgameshââ¬â¢s equal, Enkidu. Man raised from beasts and hills, Endkidu is the unknown factor of humanity, mysterious, curious, the unexplored, and humble. The reunion of the humanity and the unknown creates dynamics where both sides would advance, as in Gilgameshââ¬â¢s quest for immortality further opens after the defeat of the forest guardian. Yet, Many of these noble quests often end up fruitless; with the death of Enkidu from the hands of one of the major gods and ultimately letting the flower of everlasting youth slipping away,Show MoreRelatedFrom The Norton Anthology Of World Literature Book The Epic Of Gilgamesh 865 Words à |à 4 PagesThose Meddling Gods Through the sampling of readings from The Norton Anthology of World Literature book, one could come to the realization that in a majority of those stories, the deities seem to influence or even control the outcomes of the heroes, often in a negative manner. In the first epic, Gilgamesh encounters the gods at various times, and in The Iliad, the gods manipulate the Greeks and the Trojans for their own desires and wants. Two understand how the gods influenced our hero, GilgameshRead MoreBeowulf : An Epic Poem Derived From Old World Storytelling Traditions1090 Words à |à 5 PagesMs. Michelle Boykin EH 203 (Fall 2015) First Essay: Beowulf October 5, 2015 Beowulf: An Epic Poem Derived from Old World Storytelling Traditions The classic poem Beowulf recorded by a monk during eleventh century A.D., and of unknown authorship, is thought to have been passed down over time through oral traditions of storytelling, popular during that period in history. Most likely the listeners and retellers of these types of these stories would have been warriors themselves, much likeRead More Ghost Soldiers: The Forgotten Epic Story of World War IIs Most Dramatic Mission, by Hampton Sides554 Words à |à 2 PagesI could honestly say that this was an intense, prominent, and grand interpretation of what I think the most audacious exploits of World War II, the book Ghost Soldiers: The Forgotten Epic Story of World War IIs Most Dramatic Mission, by Hampton Sides. It was a specified mission of 121 specialized US Army Rangers that would go behind enemy lines into dangerous territory to perform rescue missions of 513 POWs, many of the survivors were of the infamous Bataan Death March. The main thesis of this bookRead More12 Lite rary Piece1670 Words à |à 7 Pages12 Literary piece that have Influenced the World 1. The Bible or the Sacred writings: This has become the basis of Christianity originating from Palestine and Greece 2. Koran: The Muslim bible originating from Arabia 3. The Iliad and the Odyssey: These have been the source of Myths and Legends of Greece. They were written by Homer. 4. The Mahabharata: The Longest epic of the world. It contains the history of religion in India. 5. Canterburry: it depicts the religion and customs ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 903 Words à |à 4 Pageswits has observed, are only fables that men have agreed to admit as trueâ⬠¦1â⬠No other genre is more appropriate to Voltaireââ¬â¢s quote than the epic. Epics in media are presented with high stakes, memorable heroes, and thought-provoking messages. They originated in preliterate societies and among the first epics is the ancient Mesopotamian poem called ââ¬Å"The Epic of Gilgameshâ⬠. Written during the Third Dynasty of Ur, ââ¬Å"Gilgameshâ⬠tells the adventures of the eponymous king as he befriends an intended rivalRead MoreChris Kyle : The Characteristics Of An Epic Hero871 Words à |à 4 Pagesare the most divine people in the world, but they are never truly recognized as epic heroes. When people hear the word epic hero they think of the ancient warriors of Greece, Rome, and Troy or a story about other fictional persons/ animals do ing amazing things to help people. The veterans around us are the real epic heroes though. They often slip underneath the radar though because it can be hard to recognize someone who is truly humbled by their service. These epic heroes are the ones that willinglyRead MoreThe Modern Epic of Batman Essay731 Words à |à 3 Pages An epic is a long narrative poem that tells the exploits of an epic hero. Epics are comprised of an epic hero and an epic battle between good and evil. The earliest known epic today is The Epic of Gilgamesh. This tale is about Gilgameshââ¬â¢s search for eternal life. Although epics have been around for thousands of years, the epic tradition still has an enormous impact on modern writing and film. In fact, Batman, a story about Bruce Wayne trying to conquer all criminals in Gotham, can be seen as modernRead MoreThe Search for Immortality in the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay1500 Words à |à 6 Pages The fear of death and the search for eternal life is a cultural universal. The ideology surrounding immortality transcends time and a plethora of cultures. The theme, immortality appears in stories from the Epic of Gilgamesh, which was composed by ancient Sumerians roughly around 600 B.C., to present day works of fiction in the twenty first century. Gilgamesh, a figure of celestial stature, allows his mortal side to whittle away his power after the death of Enkidu. Undeniably, defenseless beforeRead MoreHospital Home For A 647 Bed Acute Care Hospital1247 Words à |à 5 Pagesthrough offices and QuickCare walk-in centers throughout the region.They serve most of Berks County Pennsylvani and West Reading. The Reading Hospital was rated number 24 out of 250 of the best hospitals in Pennsylvania according to, US News and World Report. (Reading Hospital and Medical Center)The ownership of the hospital is public. They offer an extensive variety of services such as, orthopedic services, p ediatrics a regionally recognized heart center, primary care, and womenââ¬â¢s health. TheyRead MoreEssay about John Miltons Paradise Lost as Christian Epic1147 Words à |à 5 PagesParadise Lost as Christian Epic John Miltons great epic poem, Paradise Lost, was written between the 1640s and 1665 in England, at a time of rapid change in the western world. Milton, a Puritan, clung to traditional Christian beliefs throughout his epic, but he also combined signs of the changing modern era with ancient epic style to craft a masterpiece. He chose as the subject of his great work the fall of man, from Genesis, which was a very popular story to discuss and retell at the time
Saturday, December 14, 2019
Washington Redskins Mascot Free Essays
WASHINGTON REDSKINS The Native American Mascot Controversy By Anna Yang Origin of ââ¬Å"Redskinâ⬠The origin of the word ââ¬Å"redskinâ⬠is debated. According to theà Oxford English Dictionaryà (OED), the term ââ¬Å"redskinâ⬠came from the reddishà skin colorà of some Native Americans, as in the termsà red Indianà andà red man. The OED cites instances of its usage in English dating back to the 17th century and cites a use ofà redà in reference to skin color from 1587. We will write a custom essay sample on Washington Redskins Mascot or any similar topic only for you Order Now Multiple theories fight for prominence as to the true historical origin of the word. One theory, mentioned above, is that the term was meant as merely a physical indicator, similar to the words ââ¬Å"whiteâ⬠and ââ¬Å"blackâ⬠for Caucasians and Africans, respectively. Another theory holds that it was first used by Native Americans during the 1800s as a way of distinguishing themselves from the ever-growing white population. An often mentioned third but not proven origin involves the bloody skins (red-skins) of Native people as ââ¬Å"prizes,â⬠in which they would be scalped after battle and their skins bought and sold in local towns. To date, there is no historical documentation or evidence to support this theory. Yet another theory is that the term ââ¬Å"Red Indianâ⬠originated to describe theà Beothuk peopleà of Newfoundland who painted their bodies withà red ochre, and was then generalized to North American indigenous people in general. However, Smithsonian linguist Ives Goddard says the evidence to support such a claim is ââ¬Å"unfoundedâ⬠and further claims the term was first used in the 1800ââ¬â¢s. Washington Football Team: The Truth The Washington Redskins were originally known as the Newark Tornadoes and then the Boston Braves. Most accounts can agree that team owner George Preston Marshall changed the franchise name from the Boston Braves to the Boston Redskins in 1933 to recognize then coach, William ââ¬Å"Lone Starâ⬠Dietz. Dietz, who claimed half-German, half-Sioux background, embraced what he perceived to be a Native American heritage. Marshall was a fan of his coach, Dietz, who was by most accounts a star in his day. However, one could surely debate if Marshall naming the team ââ¬ËRedskinsââ¬â¢ in recognition of Dietzââ¬â¢s claimed heritage was truly an honor or not. Marshall himself had issues with race as the Redskins were the last NFL team to integrate in 1962. So, the age-old defense of the use of Redskins, regardless of the meaning behind it, goes that since the team was named in honor of ââ¬Å"Lone Starâ⬠Dietz, and if he, being part Indian, didnââ¬â¢t mind, then everything is okay. But thereââ¬â¢s the catch: Lone Star was raised as a ââ¬Å"white manâ⬠who didnââ¬â¢t even become aware with his purported heritage until the latter part of his teenage years, upon hearing an argument between his adopted parents. In 2004, Linda Waggoner, a professor in American Multicultural Studies and Philosophy, wrote a 5-part series, ââ¬Å"Reclaiming James One Star,â⬠forà Indian Country Todayà which investigated the validity of Dietzââ¬â¢s claimed Native American ancestry, bringing into light multiple false accounts from his early youth. The ultimate conclusion is that one can neither concretely confirm nor disprove that Dietz was any part Indian. But, Dietz embraced the Native American culture to the extent of dressing in full Indian regalia, including on the sidelines of some games, enrolling in Indian schools, taking a Native American wife, and becoming a well-known artist depicting life on the plains. Regardless, it seems silly that the use of Redskins hinges on whether one man may or may not have been a Native American in any way, shape, or form. Although Dietzââ¬â¢s true heritage has been questioned by some scholars, the Washington Redskins name and logo, which is a picture of an Indian, was officially registered in 1967. The Controversy In recent years, the name has become controversial, with some Native American groups and their supporters arguing that since they view the word ââ¬Å"redskinâ⬠as an offensive racial slur that it is inappropriate for a NFL team to continue to use it, regardless of whether any offense is intended. Clarence Page of the Orlando Sentinel wrote in 1992 ââ¬Å"[The Washington Redskins] are the only big time professional sports team whose name is an unequivocal racial slur. After all, how would we react if the team was named the Washington Negroes? Or the Washington Jews? â⬠¦ It is more than just a racial reference, it is a racial epithet. â⬠Many others believe that the name is a positive reference to the culture of Native Americans. Many Redskinsââ¬â¢ fans say that it is a reference to the strength and courage of Native Americans. Some individuals who support the use of Native American mascots state that they are meant to be respectful, and to pay homage to Native American people. Many have made the argument that Native American mascots focus on bravery, courage and fighting skills rather than anything derogatory. Karl Swanson, vice-president of the Washington Redskins professional football team, declared in the magazineà Sports Illustratedà that his teamââ¬â¢s name ââ¬Å"symbolizes courage, dignity, and leadership,â⬠and that the ââ¬Å"Redskins symbolize the greatness and strength of a grand people. â⬠Steven Denson, director of diversity forà Southern Methodist Universityà and member of theà Chickasawà nation, while not issuing a blanket endorsement, has nevertheless stated that there are acceptable ways to use Native American mascots if it is done in a respectful and tasteful manner. He states, ââ¬Å"I believe it is acceptable if used in a way that fosters understanding and increased positive awareness of the Native-American culture. And it must also be done with the support of the Native-American community. There is a way to achieve a partnership that works together to achieve mutually beneficial goals. Despite vocal and legal action from Native American groups and scholars, the majority of people surveyed on the subject do not find the name offensive. Following the 1992 Super Bowl protests, the Washington Post posted a survey in which ââ¬Å"89 percent of those surveyed said that the name should stay. In a study performed by the National Annenberg Survey, Native Americans from the 48 continental U. S. states were asked ââ¬Å"The professional football team in Washington calls itself the Washington Redskins. As a Native American, do you find that name offensive or does it not bother you? â⬠In response, ninety percent replied that the name is acceptable, w hile nine percent said that it was offensive, and one percent would not answer. Protests Soon after the name change, Native Americans started to write letters to owner Jack Kent Cooke, encouraging him to change the name. Others boycotted Redskins products and protested. At one protest, ââ¬Å"Native Americans handed the fans redskin potatoes as they entered a Redskins game, suggesting that if the team will not change their name altogether, then they should at least change their mascot to the potato. Many of these events were led byà Suzan Shown Harjoà of the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI). Redskinââ¬â¢s owner Jack Kent Cooke responded to these pleas in an interview stating ââ¬Å"Thereââ¬â¢s not a single, solitary jot, tittle, whit chance in the world that the Redskins will adopt a new nickname. There was a large protest at the 1992 Super Bowl between the Redskins and the Buffalo Bills. Since the game was held in Minnesota, the areaââ¬â¢s large Native American Population was able to voice their anger over the name. The American Indian Movementââ¬â¢s (AIM) Vernon Bellecourt was one of the main organizers and voices of the event. Before and during the game, approximately 2 ,000 Chippewa, Sioux, Winnebago, and Choctaw, and other Native Americans and members of the local population protested. Some of the signs they carried read ââ¬Å"We are not Mascotsâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Promote Sports not Racismâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"Repeal Redskin Racismâ⬠. Legal Action In 1992, Susan Shown Harjo, President of the Morning Star Institute, joined forces with other prominent Native Americans as well as Dorsey ; Whitney law firm of Minneapolis and petitioned the U. S. Patent and Trademark office. They based their lawsuit on the idea that Federal Trademark law states that certain trademarks are not legal if they are ââ¬Å"disparaging, scandalous, contemptuous, or disreputable. â⬠The legal battle went on for seven years and in 1999, the judges canceled the federal trademarks of the Redskin name ââ¬Å"on the grounds that the subject marks may disparage Native Americans and may bring them into contempt or disrepute. Upon the news that the Redskins had been sold, the owners appealed the decision to a district court in the District of Columbia in Pro-Football, Inc. vs. Harjo. The court reversed the decision on the grounds of insufficient evidence of disparagement. Subsequent appeals have been rejected on the basis of laches, which means that the Nativ e Americans had pursued their rights in an untimely and delayed manner. If Harjo had won the case, the Washington Redskins would be able to keep the name and many of its federally trademarked rights, but they may have still lost out on millions of dollarsââ¬â¢ worth of merchandise sales. How to cite Washington Redskins Mascot, Essay examples
Friday, December 6, 2019
In her lifetime Emily Dickinson wrote over 1,775 poems, none of which were published while she was still alive Essay Example For Students
In her lifetime Emily Dickinson wrote over 1,775 poems, none of which were published while she was still alive Essay In her lifetime Emily Dickinson wrote over 1,775 poems, none of which were published while she was still alive. Dickinsons writing styles and formats reflected several movements of her era including the revival of Puritanism, feminism, Transcendentalism, and Romanticism. These movements influenced the lifestyle and writing of Emily Dickinson. Emily Dickinson has shaped much of feminist criticism. Throughout the growth of feminist criticism Dickinson is still the focal point. Dickinsons poetry also shows evidence of a feminist humor. Feminist studies of Dickinson include her relationships as well as alleged relationships in regards to her sexuality, her humor in a satirical sense when looking at the women of her time, as well as even challenging the idea of Dickinson as an eccentric recluse. Even with humor evident in her poetry feminists do not debate the fact that elements of tragedy also influence her poetry. Elements of tragedy seen in Dickinsons poetry, especially of death and the emphasis of human mortality, are derivative from another movement of her time. American Romanticism included themes of nature as well as death mortality in what is referred to as Dark Romanticism. Dickinsons Puritan heritage was another influence that affected her lifestyle from an early age. Dickinson uses such devices as sacramental imagery from her childhood religion. Dickinson was born into a prominent and staunchly religious family and rebelled against her upbringing in religion and social prominence in her later years. Her reclusiveness as well as her apparent Transcendentalist views was a result of Dickinson and her fathers differing opinions about life, mankind, and the world they lived in. Some critics believe that in rebellion against her staunch Puritan heritage and upbringing Emily Dickinson became more of a transcendentalist. Many ties have been made between romanticism and transcendentalism and many of Dickinsons contemporaries fit into both categories. Possibly the greatest indication that Dickinson had inclinations from transcendentalism was the amount of text in which nature takes a central role. Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was born on December 10, 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts to a prosperous and well known family wikipedia. Dickinsons grandfather was one of the founders of Amherst College, and her father, Edward Dickinson, was a prominent lawyer as well as treasurer for the college wikipedia. Dickinsons father also served on the Massachusetts General Court, Massachusetts Senate, and the US House of Representatives wikipedia. Dickinsons mother, Emily Norcross Dickinson, was a shy and quiet woman who was chronically ill. Dickinson had one brother and one sister: William Austin Dickinson and Lavinia Norcross Dickinson wikipedia. Dickinson grew up in her familys Amherst home, and attended the nearby Amherst Academy until the age of seventeen, when she transferred to Mount Holyoke Female Seminary wikipedia. After less than a year of attending the seminary, Dickinson took ill and her brother William, more commonly known as Austin, was sent to bring her home. Aside from a few trips to Boston and various other locations after coming home from the seminary, Dickinson spent her entire life living in her fathers house. She dressed only in white and developed the reputation of being anti-social and an agoraphobic recluse wikipedia Myers. Dickinsons experience at the seminary may well have fueled the fire of her independence and been one of the contributing factors for her decision to stop attending church, and retain her reclusive and anti social reputation. Dickinson never married, and her relationships and alleged relationships are still studied and debated. Dickinsonquot;s emotional life remains mysterious, despite much speculation about a possible disappointed love affair. Two candidates have been presented: Reverend Charles Wadsworth, with whom she corresponded, and Samuel Bowles, editor of the Springfield Republican, to whom she addressed many poems Books and Writings 1. Some critics are challenging her sexuality and believe that there was more to her intimate relationship with friend and sister-in-law Susan Huntington Gilbert than meets the eye. Her relationships and sexuality have become very controversial amongst biographers and critics alike. Dickinson lived most of her life alone in her house, reclusive and anti social. Emily Dickinson died on May 15, 1886 of Brights disease. Although regarded as one of the most prominent 19th century poets, Dickinson did not publish any of her works in her lifetime. After Dickinsonquot;s death her poems were brought out by her sister Lavinia, who co-edited three volumes from 1891 to 1896 Books and Writings 2. Despite arguments and critics, Emily Dickinson is still a widely read poet. Although interest in one or more lovers continues, as does attention to the poetquot;s religious quest and to her quiet subversion of gender assumptions, Emily Dickinsonquot;s poems steadily gain recognition as works of art, both individually and collectively, especially when read in her original fascicle groupings, which establish not just her unquestionable brilliance but her frequently underestimated artistic control Modern American Poetry 2. Emily Dickinson was one of the greatest American women poets of all time. As much as feminist studies of her have changed and shaped our understanding of her life and poetry Dickinsons impact has been no less important on the development of feminist criticism. Emily Dickinson has been the center of feminist criticism in all the stages of its development. As feminist criticism has grown and matured Emily Dickinson has remained the focal point Handbook 342. Some feminist critics have even challenged the popular notion of Dickinson as reclusive, eccentric figure. They have underlined her intellectual struggle and passive aggressiveness. They claim Dickinsons verse is full of allusions to volcanoes, shipwrecks, funerals, and other manifestations of natural and human violence, which she hide into her writings Books and Writings. Although some view Dickinson as morbid and morose, some of her poetry does present more than just her views about death. As feminist criticism has grown in its field the conceptions of Emily Dickinson have grown as well, changing throughout the decades from her place in a literary world dominated by men, to linguistic and psychoanalytic approaches to her poetry and life, and concluding in the 1990s with explorations of her lesbian identity and her relationship with Susan Gilbert Handbook 342. Dickinson encouraged the move of feminist criticism from narrative explanations of women writers into stylistic analyses of their work Handbook 342. Through the changing opinions and conceptions of Emily Dickinson throughout the development of feminist criticism one common dividing line has remained between the critics that wish to classify Dickinson as a nineteenth century poet and those who wish to classify her as a modernist poet. Dickinsons traits and characteristics allow her to escape all efforts to contain her to one particular genre or another. Adrienne Richs reading of Emily Dickinson and her later published essay point out that Emily Dickinson seems to regard herself as an imperious energy and her poetic creation as a form of aggression. Rich transfigured understanding of Dickinson and of poetic power in women. Rich also focused attention on the enraged Dickinson of the first feminist conceptions, and turned attention to the little read poem My Life had stood- a Loaded Gun which was to become the centerpiece of the feminist criticism of Dickinson. TennesseeWilliams of his work EssayDickinsonquot;s poetry is closely related to other American Romantics influenced by Puritanism Edison 1. One aspect of spiritual representation in the poetquot;s work that has somehow escaped critical attention is Dickinsons use of sacramental imagery. Throughout her poetry, Dickinson again and again comes back to images of the Christian sacraments in a quest for spiritual truth Klein 1. For Calvinists two sacraments, baptism and communion, symbolize Godquot;s promises to his fellowship of believers, and initiate a meaningful spiritual life Klein 1. When Dickinson finds the sacraments of the formal church empty and distant from her own experience, she moves away from these constraints in poetryà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦. Dickinson begins with the tools of Calvinism, such as the raw materials of the language, and is imaginatively challenged by the idea of sacrament, but denies tradition by converting doctrine into her own vision Klein 1. Religion is also evi dent in the style of Dickinsons poetry. The style of her first efforts was fairly conventional, but after years of practice she began to give room for experiments. Often written in the meter of hymns, her poems dealt not only with issues of death, faith and immortality, but with nature, domesticity, and the power and limits of language Books and Writers 2. It is legitimate to suggest that Dickinson, although she excluded much of her life from the church, recognized the importance of spiritual experience and connection to the God Klein 2. Aside from the obvious thematic of her work, the poetquot;s correspondence documents these values. Not only was Dickinson raised in an intensely religious atmosphere, but she maintained that presence in her own life and work. It was forever a monumental concern Klein 2. Transcendentalism was a philosophic and literary movement that flourished in New England as a reaction against 18th century rationalism, the skeptical philosophy of Locke, and the confining religious orthodoxy of New England Calvinism Brown 1. Transcendentalism was transforming traditional religion and thus became another influence in Dickinsons poetry Brown 1. Emily Dickinson embraced Transcendentalism because it allowed her to leave her Puritan heritage behind her and express her views and opinions of the worlds and put them into writing Brown 1. Transcendentalism involved a rejection of the strict Puritan religious attitudes that were the heritage of New England, where the movement originated Edison 1. Transcendentalists were influenced by romanticism, especially such aspects as self-examination, the celebration of individualism, and the integral relation between nature and mankind Edison 1. As a result of the realization of her differing views, Emily Dickinson embraced Transcendentalism. The Transcendentalist movement began flourishing in the early 19th century America, especially in New England, was based on some of the concepts of Transcendental Philosophy. In America transcendentalism was mostly used in a literary form having a semi religious nature Transcendentalism 1. Transcendentalist saw a connection between the universe and the individual soul. Transcendentalists believed the soul of each individual is identical with the soul of the world, and latently contains all that the world contains Transcendentalism 1. Transcendentalism allowed Emily Dickinson to materialize from her Puritan heritage. It allowed her to discover her self-worth by realizing that what she felt in her heart was significant of recognition Edison 1. Dickinson used Transcendentalism to help her to discover and confide her feelings in word and in the reader through verse Edison 1. Transcendentalism was a natural outgrowth both of a literary time when visionary ideas were powerfully set abroad and of personal, exuberant discovery of self in poetry Edison 1. As Transcendentalism was beginning to emerge, so was Emily Dickinsonquot;s soul Edison 1. Possibly the greatest indication that Dickinson had inclinations from transcendentalism was the amount of text in which nature takes a central role. Dickinson also seems to express a great admiration for natural things that might lead one to accept that she is seeing somewhat of an over soul in nature Emily Dickinson 3. While it is hard in many of her poems to grasp what exactly she is thinking in regard to religion, it also seems clear that she is not an atheist Emily Dickinson 4. Emily Dickinson wrote numerous poems that could be interpreted as having transcendental sympathies. The strong conflict of Puritanism and Transcendentalism in Emily Dickinsonquot;s poetry is what allowed her to become one of the greatest and most influential American poets of the nineteenth century Brown 1. Her obsession with life, death, and mortality could be derived /p Dickinsonquot;s love of nature expressed itself early as an appreciation of plants and animals in her own spacious garden, which she tended avidly throughout her life Hermitary 1. For most Romantics, however transcendental, nature served as an intermediary between man and God Bloom 50. Dickinson included nature in many of her works, emphasizing her romantic style of writing. To the Romantics Nature was precious because it was an earthly and material medium through which God could touch man and man could touch God Bloom 50. Romanticism represents a rebellion against Enlightenment thinking. It replaces a faith in reason with feeling as the stronger expression of what we are. It is restless with practical reality and prefers visionary longing and excitement to the complacency of everyday reality Intellectual Heritage 1. Romantics also emphasized the importance of individuality, uniqueness, and even the eccentric. The poetry of Emily Dickinson is one examples of American Romantic literature. Emily Dickinsons reclusive and anti social nature could be considered a sign of her uniqueness or an eccentric attitude that was emphasized by the Romantics. Dark Romanticism places its emphasis on the tragic dimension of life. Dickinson is often thought of as a tragic figure, and some of her poems about death fit the description of dark romanticism. Dark Romanticism also shows awe at human nature, struggle, suffering, mortality and mans relationship with God Loflin 1. Mystery and the reality of evil are also key themes seen in Dark Romanticism Loflin 1. Dickinsons poems seek to complete a voyage and prove the strength of the imagination against the stubbornness of life, the repression of an antithetical nature, and the final territory of death. Emily Dickinson was affected by various movements of her time as well as influencing and guiding the futures of some of those movements. Her poetry reflects ideas from feminism, Puritanism, transcendentalism, and romanticism. Her own uneasiness about her own religious ideas, decisions and the lack of stability in her faith life may have been reasons for her focus on life and death. Her humor is demonstrated in some of her shorter poems, such as Faith Is a Fine Intervention, is still being examined especially by feminist critics. Dickinsons poetry shows elements of several different movements and ideas of her time. They contain elements of feminist humor, emphasize her inner conflict between religions especially her childhood religion of Protestantism and the new movement of Transcendentalism and her focus on nature also brings in elements of Romanticism.
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